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Now comes the Council of Trent (1545 - 1563 AD) In 1881 AD. a change was about to take place! 1. Hort's says, "...Vaticanus have I loved, but the Textus Receptus have I hated..." At the The "fruit" of the "root" of 
12. Now Jerome enters the arena of translating manuscripts. (382 AD) In 382 AD Pope
Damascus (Saint) requested Jerome to undertake a revision of the old Latin version.
Jerome complied with this request and thus produced the "Latin Vulgate," the official Bible
of the Roman Catholic Church.22
13. What was the "Old Latin Vulgate?" The Old Latin Vulgate was known as the "Latin
Vulgate" many years before the days of Jerome. (340-420 AD.) It was translated from the
"received text," also known later as the "Textus Receptus" and the Greek Vulgate (that
which is popular)23 This text "prevailed in the Latin Church, previous to the introduction of the
modern Vulgate of Jerome"24 In fact, this text is the text of the oldest Bible translation called
the "Peshitta" (2nd.century)25
14. Who was Jerome? He was saint Jerome (or Eusebius Hieronymus) 340?-420? AD)
a. Most learned of the early Church fathers of the Latin Church
b. Born in Strido, Dalmatia of a wealthy family Encyclopedia Britannica Jerome, Saint / Early Life
c. In Aquileia (Italy) he was linked with an ascetic elite—including Rufinus, a writer and
scholar, who translated in the 3rd-century. An Alexandrian theologian as Origen
was. Encyclopedia Britannica
d. He was accused of being a Ciceronian—a follower of the 1st-century-BC Roman
philosopher—rather than a Christian. Encyclopedia Britannica - Jerome
e. Jerome spent almost three years (379–382 AD.) continuing his pursuit of scriptural studies.
An enthusiastic disciple of Gregory of Nazianzus, Jerome also came to know Gregory of
Nyssa and the theologian Amphilochius of Iconium at the Council of Constantinople (381).
Under such influences he improved his knowledge of Greek and developed an
admiration for Origen's exegesis. He translated 14 of Origen's homilies (sermons) on
Old Testament books into Latin. Here too he translated the church historian Eusebius'
Chronicon (Chronicles) and continued it to the year 378. Encyclopedia Britannica - Jerome
f. Translated two sermons of Origen on the Song of Solomon. Encyclopedia Britannica - Jerome
g. More importantly, he revised the Old Latin version of the Gospels on the basis of the best
Greek manuscripts at his command. Encyclopedia Britannica - Jerome
h. He wrote a defense of the perpetual virginity of Mary, Jesus' mother (383) Britannica - Jerome
i. Jerome's biblical production in Bethlehem includes... translation and adaptation
of Eusebius' Encyclopedia Britannica - Jerome
j. Revision of the Old Latin version of the Septuagint based on Origen's Hexapala (an
edition with the Hebrew text in Hebrew and Greek characters, and four different Greek
versions arranged in six parallel columns) Encyclopedia Britannica - Jerome
15. What did Jerome use to "revise" the Old Latin? History reveals that Jerome's Revised
Vulgate is largely in agreement with two manuscripts that Eusebius had compiled for
Constantine, when he produced the fifty (50) official Bibles for the Church. These two
manuscripts we know today as, the Codex Sinaiticus and Vaticanus.26
"With the spread of Roman power Latin was carried to every part of the ancient world and
become the dominant tongue of western Europe. Funk & Wagnalls Encyclopedia, Vol.15, p.432-4340
Note: By 392 AD. Theodosius went even further when he outlawed heathen worship. It now came under
penalty of death for any one to have any religious connection other than that of the established Roman Church.
Those considered heathen as well as those considered to be heretical in their doctrine were openly persecuted.
What a complete turn about of events! By 484 AD. the cap stone to the whole Babylonish
system became complete, and the Dark Ages was coming upon the Church. (The Dark Ages lasted a
1000 years)
Man failed, but God DID NOT!
"If we believe not, yet He abideth faithful:
He cannot deny Himself...and none can stay His
hand." (2Tim.2:13, Heb.6:16, Dan.4:35, Rom.9:20)
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God was still Sovereignly and Providentially "watching"
over His Word. (Jer.1:12)
Now the Church is in the "Dark Ages."
The "dark ages" or the "middle ages" was a dark time in Church History. It was the "cap stone of
the whole Babylonish system...the Jeroboam system was complete."27 (Note: 1Kings.10 -12)
This was a false system of Worship and false House that was just like the real. "Christianity had now became the dominant religion of the Roman Empire early in the 4th.century and for the next 1000 years it dominated philosophy and tolerated little opposition." Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996
1. During the :dark ages" very little translation was attempted...the Word of God was locked up
in the Latin tongue which was unknown to the common people.28
2. The Roman Catholic Church was the only Church and "the scriptures were used only to
confirm what the fathers said, and if contradiction existed then the writings of the fathers were
accepted above the authority of the scriptures."29
3. Even though God's Word had been corrupted and locked into the Latin language, God
remained Sovereign and Providential and watched over His Word. (Jer.1:12, Psa.121:1-8,
Dan.4:35, Rom.9:19-20) He showed "himself strong (2Chron.16:9, 1Peter.3:12) in the
behalf of..."
a. Nicholas Lyra (1279-1340 AD.) His work had profound influence on Martin Luther and
helped "seed" the Reformation that would happen in 1517 AD.
b. John Wycliffe (1330 -1384 AD.) The "Morning Star of the Reformation." Wycliffe
recognized scripture as the final authority, not the Catholic Church. He translated the Bible
from Latin into English. Wycliffe "declared that people had the right to read the Bible and
interpret it for themselves."30 God blessed Wycliffe because this is exactly according to
the pattern. The people are the Priesthood and have responsibility to teach and interpret the
Word of God. (Deut.17:18; 24:18; 31:9-11, 2Chron.15:3; 34:15, Neh.8:2, Mal.2:7,
1Peter.2:5-9, Rev.1-6; 5:10)
c. Jan Hus widely preached Wycliffe's ideas in powerful sermons and was burned at the stake
by the Catholic Church.31
d. Martin Luther (1483-1546 AD.) Wycliffe and Hus greatly influenced Martin Luther and
he "set up the Bible as the sole source of Christian truth."32 "Luther's conviction concerning
the role of the Church, the authority of the scriptures, and the needs of the unenlightened
masses, motivated him to light the torch of the Reformation."33
Now Desiderius Erasmus places God's Word back into the
Greek language, without the "notorious" corruption.
God was about to restore the Church as He had foretold by the prophets, (Acts.3:18-25, Rev.10:7)
therefore He Sovereignly and Providentially used Erasmus to put the Word of God back into the
Greek language without the corruption. This work of Erasmus was absolutely vital to the foundation
for the reform that was about to take place. "In spite of his humanistic tendencies Erasmus was
clearly used of God to place the Greek New Testament in print, just as Martin Luther was
used of God to bring in the Protestant Reformation"34 "For in the very next year, in the plan of
God, the Reformation was to break out in Wittenberg"35
1. Who was Desiderius Erasmus? (The King James Defended - Edward F. Hills, Chap.8, p.194-196)
a. The most famous scholar and author of his day
b. One of the most prolific writers of all time.
c. There was no man in all Europe better prepared than Erasmus for the work of editing
the first Greek New Testament text.
Note: This text became known as the Textus Receptus
d. He translated, edited or annotated the works of the greatest names of the classical and
patristic world. One of which was Jerome!
Note: Erasmus knew ALL about Jerome, and his text and rejected them! He also
knew about and published editions, "...the works of...Origen."
(Compton Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996 "Erasmus")
_____________________________________________________________________
Modern scholars today say, that Erasmus did not know about Origen, Jerome, Sinaiticus or
Vaticanus when he placed the Word of God back into Greek. Erasmus did know about
Jerome's text and rejected it, because it was corrupt!
2. What manuscripts did Erasmus use. "It is well known also that Erasmus looked for
manuscripts everywhere during his travels and that he borrowed them from everyone he could...
Through his study of the writings of Jerome and other Church fathers, Erasmus became
very well informed concerning the variant readings of the New Testament. (i.e. different from
others of it's kind, varying from the norm, standard, type) Indeed almost all the important
variant readings known to scholars TODAY were already known to Erasmus more that
460 years ago..."36 Erasmus used a,
a. 11th.century manuscript of the Gospels, Acts and Epistles
b. 15th.century manuscript of the Gospels
c. 12th.- 14th.century manuscript of Acts. and the Epistles
d. 15th.century manuscript of Acts and the Epistles
e. 12th.century manuscript of Revelation
______________________________________________________________
Note: This is used by modern day scholarship to say that Erasmus used "late" manuscripts.
This is the foundation (root) of their footnotes that say, "late manuscripts insert this verse." The
reason Erasmus used these manuscripts from the 11th. to the 15th.century, is because the
earlier manuscripts had been corrupted. Therefore it is misleading to say Erasmus had only
late manuscripts at his disposal.
3. The first edition of the New Testament Text (1516 AD.) was performed hastily and "was
disfigured with a great number of typographical errors. These misprints, however were soon
eliminated by Erasmus himself."37
Note: This is the "root" of the modern day scholars who say that the King James is
"marred" with mistakes.
Now God's Word is restored back into the Greek language
Erasmus did it without the corruption of Origen, Eusebius and Jerome. Note the order of events
that took place after Erasmus completed his work.
1. The Printing Press was invented. (1450 AD) This allowed the Bible to be put into the hands
of the common people where it belonged. (The New Testament Priesthood 1Peter.2:5-9,
Rev.1:6; 5:10) "Religious texts, once read ONLY by scholars, nobility and educated 38
priesthood were now available to an ever-widening audience."
Compton Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996
2. The Reformation. (1517 AD) God revealed to Luther that "the just shall live by faith," which
has been called a turning point in History, separating the Church into Protestant and
Catholic." Compton Interactive Encyclopedia, 96
3. Tyndale translates the Greek Text of Erasmus into English. (1492-1536) Tyndale was a
English Biblical translator, religious reformer, writer and a "ripe Greek scholar"39 Tyndale met
Martin Luther and espoused Reformation principles. (Note: Wycliffe translated from the
Revised Latin of Jerome, which is interesting because, God still preserved His Word even
amongst the corruption of Origen and Eusebius)
4. Then the Bible was reproduced to the masses giving the opportunity for the people to read
and interpret the Bible for themselves. (Wycliffe)
This is no coincidence, this is the Sovereign, Providential hand of God watching over
(hastening) His Word to perform it. (Jer.1:12)
"God who brought the New Testament text safely through the ancient and medieval
manuscript person did not fumble when it came time to transfer this text to the modern
printed page."40 Now God's Word was in the hands of the people!
"By this time, (the time of Tyndale) the Catholic Church authorities...saw the Reformation
movement spread from one country to another..."41 "It was unstoppable! " Therefore the
Roman Catholic Church called for the Council of Trent. (1545-1563 AD)
1. The purpose of this Council of Trent was to Issue decrees to correct abuses to reaffirm
ancient doctrines and traditions.42 (i.e. The doctrines of the spiritual decline of the Church
into the "dark ages.")
2. The purpose of the Council of Trent was to establish the official Catholic Bible which was
the Revised Latin Vulgate of Jerome. (Eusebius, Origen) "In 1546 the Council of Trent decreed
that the Vulgate was the exclusive Latin authority for the Bible..."43 Some of the outcome, and
much of the enforcement, of the Council of Trent was in the hands of the newly
established religious order, the Society of Jesus. (the Jesuits) Unlike the Benedictine monks
or the Franciscan and Dominican friars, the Jesuits were specifically dedicated to the task
of reconstructing church life and teaching in the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation. They
thus came to be called the “shock troops of the Counter- Reformation"44 "Their
conscientious administrations removed much of the incentive to revolt."45
Nevertheless God continued to restore His Church anyway! (Review Phase 2)
A brief summary from 1517 AD. to 1881 AD.
The Word of God has now been established back into the Greek language, translated into
English, and mass produced by way of the printing press to the people, without the corruption
of Origen, Eusebius and Jerome.
This continued from the Reformation until the 18th.century. The Protestants had their Bible and
the Catholic's had their Bible.
In 1870 AD. Bible Scholars in the Church of England decided that something should be done to
bring the English reader nearer to the original Bible language. (Sounds like today!) It was during
this time that Westcott and Hort joined the revision committee.46 and introduced a a new
Greek Text 47 to the committee. This "radical Greek New Testament, deviating the fartherest from the Received Text." (i.e.The Textus Receptus) 48 2,288 times!49 This "radical Greek Text" was the Codex Vaticanus and Sinaiticus. 50
age of 23, he said "I had no idea till the past two weeks of the importance of the texts, having
read so little Greek Testament, and dragged on with villainous Textus Receptus...
think of that vile Textus Receptus leaning entirely on late manuscripts." 51
2. Westcott and Hort convinced the Revision committee that Sinaiticus and Vaticanus were
older than what Erasmus used, therefore more reliable and closer to the original scriptures.
This convinced " many British scholars that the Textus Receptus was a late and
inferior text and that therefore a revision of the King James Version was highly necessary."52
THIS IS THE "ROOT" OF THE TREE! (Note: Matt.7:15-19)
Today modern scholars and editorial committee's are "convinced" that Sinaiticus and
Vaticanus are the "original scriptures" because (according to them) they are the oldest
manuscripts and there is no other witness between them and the writings of the apostles.
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The Facts are there is an older witness than Sinaiticus and Vaticanus. It is called the
"Peshitta," (150 AD.) the Bible of the Syrian Church. Also the "Italic Version" (157 AD.)
Both of these translations are "in harmony...with the Greek Text that the King James Bible is
based on.53 (The Textus Receptus)
The "fruit" of the tree, 
confirms what the "root" of the tree is!
Look for this "fruit" in
the footnotes of today's
modern translations.
Sinaiticus and Vaticanus is
saying, "Yea, hath God said?"
in the Textus Receptus.
(The King James Version)
______________________
Man changed
God's Word!
God said, "Add thou not unto
His Words, lest He reprove
thee, and thou be found a liar."
(Prov.30:6, Deut.12:32,
Rev.22:19)
The "root" confirms they changed it!
"...by their own published statements they acted on the basis of the natural man's view
of the New Testament text, priding themselves on treating the text of the New Testament
as they would any other ancient book making llittle or nothing of inspiration
and providence"53 (Note: 1Cor.1-2:1-14)
Here is just one example of them "priding themselves on treating the text of the New
Testament as they would any other ancient book."
This should be NO surprise because Origen and his multiple scribes changed the Greek
because Origen DID NOT believe that Jesus was God manifest in the flesh. Origen
believed the Jesus was a created being. Encyclopedia Britannica - Origen
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The Bible (The Textus Receptus) declares "In the beginning was the Word (Jesus), and
the Word (Jesus) was with God, and the Word (Jesus) was God." (John.1:1-14)
Paul declared Jesus "is before ALL things and by Him ALL things consist."
(Col.1:16-18, Heb.1:2)
Note: Since the Reformation (1517 AD.) until now (1881 AD.) God had restored the truths of Justification in
Christ blood and Water Baptism by immersion that had been lost in the decline of the Church. This was done
in spite of what the Church of the "decline" and "dark ages" tried to do. Now here is another attempt of man
trying to corrupt the Word of God again and destroy these two truths. The evidence is in their deleting of
Acts.8:37 and "through His blood" in Col.1:14, saying with Hort, that these are result of "late
and "inferior," "villainous" and "vile" manuscripts.
The Greek Text of Westcott and Hort...(has)...had a tremendous influence on translators... published since...(their)...time."55 In Germany, (1898 AD.) Dr. Eberhard Nestle and his son, Dr. Erwin Nestle and later Dr. Kurt Aland published a Greek Text that followed principally what Westcott and Hort had established. The American Bible Society were the next to publish a Greek Text, 1966, with a second edition in 1968, and a third edition in 1970. This is the Greek Text of Liberal Seminaries today! It is no wonder that the Church is producing ministries that do not believe the Bible is God's Word to us today!
Every translation since the KJV has followed the Greek text of Westcott and Hort
Compare each translation and see for your self how they all follow the leader. This is "why I use the King James Bible!" Many still think it is a matter of translation of the Greek words into todays English. This is a "smoke-screen" of our adversary, the Devil. Today he is doing the same thing as he did in the garden of Eden. The serpent (Devil, lucifer, Satan) is provoking Eve (2Cor.11:1-3 the Church) into changing God's Word. We need to "submit ourselves" to God's Word, (the Textus Receptus) "and resist the Devil and he will flee." (James.4:7-8) The problem is, that within the Church we would rather submit ourselves to mans interlect, and allow ourselves to dominated over from those who are "polluting" the Holy things of God." (Col.2:8-9, Neh.7:63-65, Deut.17:18; 24:18; 31:9-11, 2Chron.15:3; 34:15, Neh.8:2, Mal.2:7, 1Peter.2:5-9, Rev.1:6; 5:10)
To be continued.................
(Questions welcomed at egmcmillansr@bibleteachingonline101.net )
Notes________________________________________________________________
22. The Facts of New Testament Textual Criticism, The King James Defended, Edward F. Hills, p.119
23. Hort's Introduction, p.138
24. Dr. Fredrick Nolan - Integrity of the Greek Vulgate, pp.17-18
25. The King James Defended - Edward F. Hills, Chap.5, p.119 / Thompson Chain Ref. Bible, #4220, p.181
26. Burgon an Miller - The Traditional Text, p.163 / Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol.4, p.86 / Gregory - The Canon and Text of the New
Testament, p.345 / Dr. Ira M. Price - Ancestry of the English Bible, p.70 / A.T. Robertson - Introduction to the New Testament, p.180
/ Dr. Philip Schaff - Companion to Greek Testament, p.115 / Dr. Scrivener - Introduction to New Testament, Vol.pp.36-37
27. Interpreting the Scriptures - K. J. Conner / K. Malmin
28. Thompson Chain Ref. Bible - The origin and Groweth of the English Bible, English Versions. p.181
29. Interpreting the Scriptures - K.J. Conner / K. Malmin, p.31
30. Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996
31. Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia - Jan Hus, 1996
32. Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996
33. Interpreting the scriptures - K. J. Conner / K. Malmin, p.34
34. The King James Defended, Chap.8, p.199 / Works of Martin Luther - Philadelphia: Muhlenberg Press, 1932 Vol.6, pp.476-89
(Preface to Hebrews, James, Jude and Revelation)
35. The King James Defended - Edward F. Hills, Chap.8. p.203
36. The King James Defended - E. F. Hills, Chap.8(e), p.198
37. The King James Defended - E. F. Hills, Chap.8, p.202
38. THe Priesthood belongs to the people, the Body of Christ, NOT the scholar. (1Peter.2:5-9, Rev.1:6: 5:10)
39. Thompson Chain Ref. Bible, F. C. Thompson, D.D., Ph.D
40. The King James Defended - Edward F. Hills, Chap.8, (f), p.199
41. The Catholic Counter-Reformation - Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996
42. The Catholic Counter Reformation - Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996
43. The Catholic Counter Reformation - Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia,1996
44. The History of Roman Catholicism, New Religious Order - Encyclopedia Britannica
45. The Catholic Counter - Reformation. Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996
46. The History of the Revised Version - Samuel Hemphil, pp.54-55
47. "Westcott an Hort in their theory of the text built on the work of several earlier men, such as Griesbach, Lachmann, and Tischendorf, who, from around 1775 published Greek texts differing in many places from the Received Text." - E.W. Fowler, Evaluating Versions of the New Testament, p.4
48The History of the Revised Version - Samuel Hemphill, pp.54-55 / Evaluating Versions of the New Testament - E. W. Fowler, p.28
49. Evaluating Versions of the New Testament - E. W. Fowler, p.9
50. Core, New Commentary, Part.3, p.721
51. The Life and Letters of Fenton John Hort - 2 Vols; London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1896, 1211
52. THe King James Defended - E.F. Hills, Chap.8,6,(a), p.225
53. The Traditional Text - Burgon & Miller, p.163 / Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol.4, p.86 / The Canon and Text of the New Testament, p.345 / The Ancestry of of the English Bible - Dr. Ira M. Price, p.70 / A.T. Robertston. Intro, of the New Testament, p.80 / Dr. Phillip schaff. Companion to Greek Testament, p.115. / Intro. to the New Testament - , Vol.2, p.270Dr. Scrivener
54. Evaluating Versions of the New Testament, E.W. Fowler, p.4 / B.F. Westcott and F.J. Hort. The New Testament in the original Greek, Vol.ii, Introduction and Appendix (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1882, p.277 / The King James Defended - E.F. Hills. Chap.3, p.66
55. Evaluating Versions of the New Testament, E.W. Fowler, p.4-5
